PPE explained: How to correctly combine a harness, lanyard, and anchor point
Personal protective equipment against falls – PPE against falls for short – is more than just a harness that you strap on. It is a system of coordinated components that only works reliably if all parts fit together, are correctly adjusted, and the user knows how to use them.
This article explains the three core components of any PPE against falls, what they do, and what is important when selecting and using them.
The three core components at a glance
Every fall protection system consists of at least three elements that work together: the full-body harness as a connection to the body, the lanyard as a movable connection between the harness and the anchor point, and the anchor point as a fixed anchor in the building or on the roof.
If one of these elements is missing or is not suitable for the specific application, the entire system is ineffective – or worse: it gives the wearer false security.
The full-body harness
The full-body harness (Standard: EN 361) wraps around the chest, shoulders, legs, and pelvis. It distributes the impact forces in the event of a fall over the largest possible body surface area and prevents the wearer from slipping out of the harness. An incorrectly adjusted harness can cause severe injuries in the event of a fall – therefore, correct adjustment to the body is mandatory, not optional.
Distinctions are made between: work positioning belts (EN 358) for work positioning without a fall risk, full-body harnesses (EN 361) for use in fall arrest systems, and combination harnesses that combine both.
The lanyard
The lanyard connects the harness to the anchor point. There are two fundamentally different types – and the difference is crucial.
Lanyards with energy absorbers (EN 354 + EN 355) are intended for fall arrest systems. If a person falls, the energy absorber tears open and absorbs a large part of the fall energy. Disadvantage: The extended absorber strap extends the system by up to 175 cm – therefore, sufficient free space must be available below the anchor point.
Retractable type fall arresters (EN 360) function like a safety line: They release rope when you move and block immediately in the event of a fall. This limits the free fall to a few centimeters – often the better choice on flat roofs because fall clearance is limited.
The anchor point
The anchor point must withstand at least 10 kN of static load – which corresponds to approximately one ton. An unsuitable anchor point – a thin pipe, a non-load-bearing roof element – can fail in the event of a fall and nullify the entire protective effect.
Anchor points can be permanently installed in the building (permanent anchor devices according to EN 795 or EN 17235) or positioned mobile on the roof (temporary anchor points).
Restraint system or fall arrest system – what is correct when?
A restraint system prevents you from even reaching the edge of the fall hazard zone. The lanyard is adjusted so short that you cannot reach the edge. A fall arrest system catches an already occurring fall – but requires sufficient fall clearance and a functioning rescue plan.
Training: legally mandatory, practically indispensable
PPE against falls may only be used by persons who have been trained in theory and practice – this is prescribed by DGUV Rule 112-198. This training must be documented and must be repeated if working conditions or equipment change.
PPE against falls accessories at Gerüstexpress
The Gerüstexpress range includes mobile anchor points (temporary anchor points) and accessories for personal fall protection. For advice on the correct system configuration, the team is available via the contact page.
Frequently asked questions
Can I combine any harness with any lanyard?
No. The carabiners and connecting elements must be compatible. In case of doubt, use system solutions from the same manufacturer.
How often must PPE against falls be inspected?
At least once a year by a competent person and before each use by the wearer themselves. After a fall, the entire equipment must be taken out of service and inspected.
What is suspension trauma and why is it relevant?
If a person is suspended in a full-body harness without being able to move, life-threatening circulatory failure can occur within minutes. Therefore, a rescue plan that allows for quick release is mandatory for every PPE against falls application.
